Bidang Profesi Akuntansi Indonesia
Macam-macam Profesi Akuntansi
Profesi akuntansi. Dalam akuntansi dikenal beberapa istilah yang mengacu pada keahlian tertentu di bidang akuntansi, antara lain :
Controller – Kontroler
Profesi akuntansi pertama adalah kontroler, Istilah ini kerap dipakai oleh perusahaan dari luar negeri dan sering kali di pertukarkan dengan istilah Chief ofaccounting officer atau juga Chief of finance officer. Posisi ini pada dasarnya merupakan posisi yang bertanggung jawab penuh untuk segala aspek keuangan dalam suatu perusahaan, termasuk akuntansi dan keuangan.
Accountant – Akuntan
Pada posisi ini seseorang bertanggung jawab untuk menghasilkan laporan keuangan dan informasi akuntansi lainnya dalam suatu perusahaan. Tugas utamanya adalah membukukan semua transaksi tepat waktu dan menghasilkan laporan secara periodik sesuai dengan format yang telah ditentukan.
Akuntan bisa terdiri dari akuntan keuangan (financial accountant) dan akuntan manajemen (management accountant).
Akuntan keuangan menjalankan fungsi pembukuan sampai pembuatan laporan keuangan, sedangkan akuntan manajemen lebih berfokus pada usaha mengolahinformasi keuangan menjadi hasil analisis yang digunakan untuk keperluan intern perusahaan.
Cost Accountant
Bidang profesi akuntansi ini berada pada perusahaan manufaktur. Tugas utamanya menghasilkan informasi keuanganberupa biaya produksi. Dengan demikian posisi ini terkait dengan aspek dalam akuntansi biaya (cost accounting).
Internal Auditor
Posisi ini bertugas untuk memastikan bahwa semua kegiatan, yaitu pengeluaran perusahaan telah memenuhi kaidah efektif, efisien, dan ekonomis. Dengan demikian posisi ini berada pada bagian audit internal atau Satuan pengendali internal pada beberapa Badan Usaha Milik Negara (BUMN)
Tax Specialist – Akuntan Pajak
Untuk mengelola aspek perpajakan pada perusahaan besar diperlukan seseorang yang benar-benar ahli mengenai peraturan perpajakan. Dengan demikian, semua kegiatan perusahaan dapat dipastikan telah memenuhi ketaatan sesuai dengan peraturan perpajakan yang berlaku, termasuk pelaporan periodik dan tahunannya. Posisi ini termasuk juga member saran tentang bagaimana suatu transaksi harus dilakukan agar dapat dicapai beban pajak yang minimal.
Akuntan Budget
Pada beberapa perusahaan yang cukup besar diperlukan posisi ini untuk mengelola budget (anggaran). Tugas utamanya, selain menyusun anggaran juga memonitor dan mengontrol realisasi budget pada setiap periode tertentu.
Akuntan Publik
Ini adalah suatu bidang profesi akuntansi di luar perusahaan yang menjalankan fungsi eksternal audit kepada perusahaan atau memberikan saran professional kepada perusahaan maupun pemerintah dalam hal perpajakan, restrukturisasi, strategi korporasi, dan lain sebagainya.
Akuntan Pemerintah
Profesi ini menjalankan fungsi akuntansi pada sektor pemerintahan, yaitu menyusun laporan keuangan pemerintah. Selain itu juga melakukan fungsi audit yaitu pemeriksaan terhadap instansi pemerintah, lembaga, atau perusahaan dimana pemerintah memiliki kepentingan seperti pajak atau bea-cukai. Oleh karena itu, akuntan pemerintah termasuk menjalankan fungsi eksternal audit.
Akuntan Pendidik
Mereka yang menjalankan fungsi ini umumnya berada di institusipendidikan, misalnya universitas. Tugas pokonya adalah mentransfer pengetahuan tentang akuntansi kepada para mahasiswa dan melakukan penelitian tentang suatu isu atau permasalahan yang berkembang dalam dunia akuntansi.
Sumber: akuntansiitumudah.com
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